On 12 February 2020, the Orthopedic Surgery Center, Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College had the surgical operation to correct spinal cord malformations to a two-month-old Great Dane, 40 kilograms of weight with Hemilaminectomy technique and fixation with Pedicle screw by Doctor Thirawat Sumalai (Dr. Tuh). This case has received the kind cooperation from many parties in orthopedic surgery, other universities and private clinics.

          On 4 February 2020, Dr. Karsidete Teeranitayatarn, the founder of Green Innovative Biotechnology, Co.,Ltd, has honored as the guest speaker entitled "The discussion about research works and frontier research plan in Veterinary medicine" to all faculty members especially lecturers and scientists. In the discussions, there are exchanging the new ideas in research development, and current research trends including incentives for creating research for personnel.

          Assistant Professor Tuempong Wongtawan and Team visited Soi dog foundation in order to exchange knowledge about shelter medicine and management for the benefit of animals and veterinary education.

Dean was invited speaker about Mastitis and milk cost for Chaiprakarn dairy cooperative in Chiangma.

         On 14th January 2020, Veterinarians and lecturers of Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University have deserved the great honor to join the volunteer program “The Royal Veterinarian” according to the concept of Her Majesty Queen Sirikit The Queen Mother. The number of 200 people included veterinarians and scholars, livestock staff, faculty lecturers, and students have been divided into 3 groups to take care of large animal, small animal, and elephant. There are 11 groups/day take care of these, and zoned throughout Nakhon Si Thammarat area. Therefore, there are 552 agriculturists and the general public have received animal health services and more than 10,000 pets of agriculturists have received the services. This project has provided the veterinary services such as medicine, obstetrics, surgery, vaccination to against animal diseases, specimen collection for diagnosis, and elimination of internal - external parasites and transferring of livestock technology and innovation workshop to the agriculturists. Moreover, there is also the operation of a veterinary operating kit for elephant health care at the mountainous area in order to give the benefits to the poor agriculturists who lacked opportunities and lived at the remote area.

Publication AVC

Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College 
Walailak University

Hero-Home-page-new.png

Phase variation in latB associated with a fatal Pasteurella multocida outbreak in captive squirrel gliders

LIDA OMALEKI, SCOTT A. BEATSON, THOTSAPOL THOMRONGSUWANNAKIJ, PATRICK J. BLACKALL, NICKY BULLER, SAM HAIR, SIMONE VITALI, ALISA WALLACE, CONNY TURNI, BRIAN M. FORDE

Phase Variation In LatB Associated With A Fatal Pasteurella Multocida Outbreak In Captive Squirrel Gliders

Variations in the branching pattern of the canine coeliac trunk in Thailand: an anatomical study

Rachanchai Chawangwongsanukun,Krai Meemon,Damri Darawiroj,Tuempong Wongtawan1

Variations In The Branching Pattern Of The Canine Coeliac Trunk In Thailand: An Anatomical Study

New branching patterns of the subclavian arteries found in Thai native dogs

Rachanchai Chawangwongsanukun ,
Damri Darawiroj ,Tuempong Wongtawan

New Branching Patterns Of The Subclavian Arteries Found In Thai Native Dogs

Daily and seasonal variation of muscid flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in Chiang Mai province, northern Thailand

Tunwadee Klong-klaew , Narin Sontigun , Chutharat Samerjai , Sangob Sanit , Kom Sukontason , Jeffery K. Tomberlin , Pradya Somboon , Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap ,
Hiromu Kurahashi , Kabkaew L. Sukontason

Daily And Seasonal Variation Of Muscid Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) In Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand

A comparison of virulence genes, antimicrobial resistance profiles and genetic diversity of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates from broilers and broiler breeders in Thailand and Australia

Thotsapol Thomrongsuwannakij, Patrick J. Blackall, Steven P. Djordjevic, Max
L. Cummins & Niwat Chansiripornchai

A Comparison Of Virulence Genes, Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles And Genetic Diversity Of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli (APEC) Isolates From Broilers And Broiler Breeders In Thailand And Australia

Using a para rubber-based apparatus for scratching as an enrichment for dairy cows: preliminary results

Tuempong Wongtawan1, Sudsajai Kornmathitsuk , Supot Awsakulsuddhi , Anuchai Pinyopummin , Prarom Sriphavatsarakom

Using A Para Rubber-Based Apparatus For Scratching As An Enrichment For Dairy Cows: Preliminary Results

Mobile learningin veterinary anatomy and histology classes: preliminary results

Tuempong Wongtawan , Sakdichod Kimsakulvech , Kanjana Assawasuparerk ,
Prarom Sriphavatsarakom

Mobile Learningin Veterinary Anatomy And Histology Classes: Preliminary Results

Investigating the use of sensory information to detect and track prey by the Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica) with conservation in mind

Joshua D. DiPaola 
, Marnoch Yindee & Joshua M. Plotnik

Investigating The Use Of Sensory Information To Detect And Track Prey By The Sunda Pangolin (Manis Javanica) With Conservation In Mind

Activation of transcription factor circuity in 2i-induced ground state pluripotency is independent of repressive global epigenetic landscapes

Ruchi Shukla , Heidi K. Mjoseng , John P. Thomson , Simon Kling , Duncan Sproul , Donncha S. Dunican , Bernard Ramsahoye , Tuempong Wongtawan , Fridolin Treindl , Markus F. Templin , Ian R. Adams , Sari Pennings and Richard R. Meehan

ผลงานตีพิมพ์ #สัตวแพทยศาสตร์หลักสูตรนานาชาติ #วลัยลักษณ์

Isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the expression of toll-like receptors in Betong chickens

Anutian Suklek , Autchara Kayan  , Jatuporn Rattanasrisomporn  and Chaiwat Boonkaewwan

Isolation Of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells And The Expression Of Toll-Like Receptors In Betong Chickens

Unique patterns of cardiogenic and fibrotic gene expression in rat cardiac fibroblasts

Kittipong Tachampa and Tuempong Wongtawan

Unique Patterns Of Cardiogenic And Fibrotic Gene Expression In Rat Cardiac Fibroblasts

Prevalence of bacterial contamination in uncooked sticky rice samples from markets in Japan

Kazuko Kato , Noriko Komagome , Machiko Mineki ,
Sumalee Boonmar , Yukio Morita

Prevalence Of Bacterial Contamination In Uncooked Sticky Rice Samples From Markets In Japan

Epidemiology and National Surveillance System for Foot and Mouth Disease in Cattle in Thailand during 2008–2019

Orapun Arjkumpa , Tedsak Yano , Rotchana Prakotcheo , Chalutwan Sansamur and Veerasak Punyapornwithaya

Epidemiology And National Surveillance System For Foot And Mouth Disease In Cattle In Thailand During 2008–2019

Curcuma longa rhizome extract and Curcumin reduce the adhesion of Acanthamoeba triangularis trophozoites and cysts in polystyrene plastic surface and contact lens

Watcharapong Mitsuwan 
, Suthinee Sangkanu , Chonticha Romyasamit ,
Chalermpon Kaewjai , Tajudeen O. Jimoh d, Maria de Lourdes Pereira , Abolghasem Siyadatpanah , Sunil Kayesth , Muhammad Nawaz , Mohammed ahmatullah , Mark S. Butler 
, Polrat Wilairatana ,  hristophe Wiart , Veeranoot Nissapatorn

Curcuma Longa Rhizome Extract And Curcumin Reduce The Adhesion Of Acanthamoeba Triangularis Trophozoites And Cysts In Polystyrene Plastic Surface And Contact Lens

Genomic analysis revealed a convergent evolution of LINE-1 in coat color: A case study in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

Dong Liang , Pengju Zhao , Jingfang Si , Lingzhao Fang , Erola Pairo-Castineira ,
Xiaoxiang Hu , Qing Xu4
, Yali Hou , Yu Gong , Zhengwen Liang , Bing Tian , Huaming , Mao , Marnoch Yindee10, Md Omararuque, Siton Kongvongxay , ouksamlane Khamphoumee , George E. Liu , Dongdong Wu , J. Stuart F. Barker , Jianlin Han , Yi Zhang 

Genomic Analysis Revealed A Convergent Evolution Of LINE-1 In Coat Color: A Case Study In Water Buffaloes (Bubalus Bubalis)

Enrichment of bovine X-sperm using microfluidic dielectrophoretic chip: A proof-of- concept study

Tuempong Wongtawan , Naruphorn Dararatana , Chommanart Thongkittidilok ,
Sudsaijai Kornmatitsuk , Bovornlak Oonkhanond

Enrichment Of Bovine X-Sperm Using Microfluidic Dielectrophoretic Chip: A Proof-Of- Concept Study

Potential anti-Acanthamoeba and anti-adhesion activities of Annona muricata and Combretum trifoliatum extracts and their synergistic effects in combination with chlorhexidine against Acanthamoeba triangularis trophozoites and cysts

Watcharapong Mitsuwan , Chea Sin , Samell Keo , Suthinee Sangkanu , Maria de Lourdes Pereira , Tajudeen O. Jimoh , Cristina . Salibay , Muhammad Nawaz , Roghayeh Norouzi , Abolghasem Siyadatpanah , Christophe Wiart , Polrat Wilairatana , Polydor Ngoy Mutombo , Veeranoot Nissapatorn

Potential Anti-Acanthamoeba And Anti-Adhesion Activities Of Annona Muricata And Combretum Trifoliatum Extracts And Their Synergistic Effects In Combination With Chlorhexidine Against Acanthamoeba Triangularis Trophozoites And Cysts

Anti‑Acanthamoeba synergistic effect of chlorhexidine and Garcinia mangostana extract or α‑mangostin against Acanthamoeba triangularis trophozoite and cyst forms

Suthinee Sangkanu , Watcharapong Mitsuwan , Wilawan Mahabusarakam3,
Tajudeen O. Jimoh , Polrat Wilairatana , Ana Paula Girol , Ajoy K. Verma ,
Maria de Lourdes Pereira , Mohammed Rahmatullah , Christophe Wiart ,
Abolghasem Siyadatpanah , Roghayeh Norouzi , Polydor Ngoy Mutombo  &
Veeranoot Nissapatorn

Anti‑Acanthamoeba Synergistic Effect Of Chlorhexidine And Garcinia Mangostana Extract Or Α‑Mangostin Against Acanthamoeba Triangularis Trophozoite And Cyst Forms

Epidemiological characteristics and determination of spatio-temporal clusters during the 2013 dengue outbreak in Chiang Mai, Thailand

Veerasak Punyapornwithaya, Chalutwan Sansamur, Arisara Charoenpanyanet

Epidemiological Characteristics And Determination Of Spatio-Temporal Clusters During The 2013 Dengue Outbreak In Chiang Mai, Thailand

New potent epitopes from Leptospira borgpetersenii for the stimulation of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses: Experimental and theoretical studies

Yada Tansiri a,b, Tepyuda Sritrakul c, Patchreenart Saparpakorn d, Timporn Boondamnern a,e,
Aunlika Chimprasit
d, Sineenat Sripattanakul e,f, Supa Hannongbua d,f, Siriwan Prapong

New Potent Epitopes From Leptospira Borgpetersenii For The Stimulation Of Humoral And Cell-Mediated Immune Responses: Experimental And Theoretical Studies

Comparison of two attenuated infectious bursal disease vaccine strains focused on safety and antibody response in commercial broilers

 Thotsapol Thomrongsuwannakij , Niwat Chansiripornchai 

Comparison Of Two Attenuated Infectious Bursal Disease Vaccine Strains Focused On Safety And Antibody Response In Commercial Broilers

Amoebicidal activity of Cassia angustifolia extract and its effect on Acanthamoeba triangularis autophagy-related gene expression at the transcriptional level

Rachasak Boonhok , Suthinee Sangkanu , Roghayeh Norouzi,Abolghasem Siyadatpanah, Farzaneh Mirzaei, Watcharapong Mitsuwan2,,
Nurdina Charong
1, Sueptrakool Wisessombat1, Maria de Lourdes Pereira7,
Mohammed Rahmatullah
8, Polrat Wilairatana9, Christophe Wiart10,
Hazel Anne Tabo
11, Karma G. Dolma12 and Veeranoot Nissapatorn

Amoebicidal Activity Of Cassia Angustifolia Extract And Its Effect On Acanthamoeba Triangularis Autophagy-Related Gene Expression At The Transcriptional Level

Peganum harmala Extract Has Antiamoebic Activity to Acanthamoeba triangularis Trophozoites and Changes Expression of Autophagy-Related Genes

9.อ.สุมาลี-Detection of Bacillus cereus and Gram-negative Bacteria Communities in Commercial Sesame in JapanRachasak Boonhok 1, Suthinee Sangkanu 2, Julalak Chuprom 2, Mayuna Srisuphanunt 1, Roghayeh Norouzi 3 , Abolghasem Siyadatpanah 4, Farzaneh Mirzaei 5, Watcharapong Mitsuwan 6 , Sueptrakool Wisessombat 1, Maria de Lourdes Pereira 7 , Mohammed Rahmatullah 8 , Polrat Wilairatana 9,* , Christophe Wiart 10,
Lim Chooi Ling
11, Karma G. Dolma 12 and Veeranoot Nissapatorn

Peganum Harmala Extract Has Antiamoebic Activity To Acanthamoeba Triangularis Trophozoites And Changes Expression Of Autophagy-Related Genes

Detection of Bacillus cereus and Gram-negative Bacteria Communities in Commercial Sesame in Japan

Detection of Bacillus cereus and Gram-negative Bacteria
Communities in Commercial Sesame in Japan

Detection Of Bacillus Cereus And Gram-Negative Bacteria Communities In Commercial Sesame In Japan

Trend and seasonality analysis of milk production from dairy cooperatives in Chiang Mai

Veerasak Punyapornwithaya 1, Kunnanut Klaharn 2, Chalutwan Sansamur 3 and Warangkana Kitpipit

Trend And Seasonality Analysis Of Milk Production From Dairy Cooperatives In Chiang Mai

Genomic Analysis Revealed a Convergent Evolution of LINE-1 in Coat Color: A Case Study in Water Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

Dong Liang, Pengju Zhao,†,1 Jingfang Si,1 Lingzhao Fang,2 Erola Pairo-Castineira,2 Xiaoxiang Hu,3 Qing Xu,4 Yali Hou,5 Yu Gong,6 Zhengwen Liang,7 Bing Tian,8 Huaming Mao,9 Marnoch Yindee,10
Md Omar Faruque,11 Siton Kongvongxay,12 Souksamlane Khamphoumee,12 George E. Liu,13 Dong-Dong Wu,14 James Stuart F. Barker,15 Jianlin Han,*,16,17 and Yi Zhang

Genomic Analysis Revealed A Convergent Evolution Of LINE-1 In Coat Color: A Case Study In Water Buffaloes (Bubalus Bubalis)

Habitat connectivity for endangered Indochinese tigers in Thailand

 Naparat Suttidate a,b, Robert Steinmetz c, Antony J. Lynam d, Ronglarp Sukmasuang e, Dusit Ngoprasert f, Wanlop Chutipong g,
Brooke L. Bateman
a, Kate E. Jenks g, Megan Baker-Whatton g, Shumpei Kitamura h,
Elzbieta
˙ Zio´łkowska i, Volker C. Radeloff

Habitat Connectivity For Endangered Indochinese Tigers In Thailand

Wing morphometrics of medically and forensically important muscid flies (Diptera: Muscidae)

Kwankamol Limsopatham a, Tunwadee Klong-klaew b, Nuttanon Fufuang a, Sangob Sanit a, Kabkaew L. Sukontason a, Kom Sukontason a, Pradya Somboon a, Narin Sontigun

Wing Morphometrics Of Medically And Forensically Important Muscid Flies (Diptera: Muscidae)

Publication 2019

  1. Chawangwongsanukun R, Meemon K, Darawiroj D, Wongtawan T. Variations in the branching pattern of the canine coeliac trunk in Thailand: an anatomical study. The Thai veterinary medicine 2019. 49 (4): 327-333.
  2. Tesena P, Yingchutrakul Y, Roytrakul S, Taylor J, Angkanaporn K, Wongtawan T. Searching for serum protein markers of Equine Squamous Gastric Disease (ESGD) using gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Equine Veterinary Journal 2019; 51(5): 581-586.
  3. Tesena P, Yingchutrakul Y, Roytrakul S, Wongtawan T, Angkanaporn K. Serum protein expression in Equine Glandular Gastric Disease (EGGD) induced by phenylbutazone. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 2019; 81(3): 418-424.
  4. Korchunjit W, Laikul A, Taylor J, Watchrarat K, Ritruechai P, Supokawej A, Wongtawan T. Characterisation and allogeneic transplantation of equine bone marrow derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells collected from cadavers. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 2019; 73: 15-23.
  5. Prompiram P, Wiriyarat W, Yingchutrakul Y, Roytrakul S, Wongtawan T. Understanding elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus through seroproteomic analysis; preliminary results. Proceeding of KUVIC 2019 Conference; May 2019; Hau-Hin, Thailand. P.148.
  6. Wongtawan T. Wild elephant-human conflicts in Thailand: The analysis from the media. Proceeding of KUVIC 2019 Conference; June 2019; Hau-Hin, Thailand. 
  7. Wongtawan T. Wild elephant-human conflicts in Thailand: The analysis from the media (2014-2018). Proceeding of KUVIC 2019 Conference; May 2019; Hau-Hin, Thailand. P.178.
  8. Sriphavatsarakom P, Wongtawan T. (2019). Behavioural significance of ear flapping in Asian elephants: A preliminary study. Proceeding of KUVIC 2019 Conference; May 2019; Hau-Hin, Thailand. P.47.
  9. Wongtawan T, Poltep K, Sariya L, Kaeoket K. Preliminary development of sperm sex-sorting buffer for porcine artificial insemination. Proceeding of The 4th Symposium of The Thai Society for Animal Reproduction; June 2019.
  10. Prempramote J, Ganmanee M. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Metabolites (1-hydroxypyrene and 2-naphthol) by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in some rocky shore molluscs contaminated with crude oil. Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull. 2019; 76: 101–110.
  11. Chanaksorn M, Boonkaewwan C, Kayan A, Gongruttananun N, Evaluation of molt induction using cassava meal varying the length of feeding period in older (90 week) laying hens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:4131-4139. 
  12. Moyadee W, Jaroensong T, Roytrakul S, Boonkaewwan C, Rattanasrisomporn J. Characteristic clinical signs and blood parameters in cats with Feline Infectious Peritonitis. Agr. Nat. Resour. 2019. 53 : 433–43.
  13. Sontigun N, Samerjai C, Sukontason K, Wannasan A, Amendt J, Tomberlin JK, Sukontason KL. Wing morphometric analysis of forensically important flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) in Thailand. Acta Trop 2019; 190:312-319.
  14. Samerjai C, Sukontason KL, Sontigun N, Sukontason K, Klong-Klaew T, Chareonviriyaphap T, Kurahashi H, Klimpel S, Kochmann J, Saeung A, Somboon P, Wannasan A. Mitochondrial DNA-based identification of forensically important flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) in Thailand. Insects 2019; 11(1):2.
  15. Semmarath W, Seesen M, Yodkeeree S, Sapbamrer R, Ayood P, Malasao R, Siviroj P, Limtrakul (Dejkriengkraikul) P. The Association between Frailty Indicators and Blood-Based Biomarkers in Early-Old Community Dwellers of Thailand. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16: 3457.
  16. Saeng-Chuto K, Jermsutjarit P, Stott CJ, Vui DT, Tantituvanont A, Nilubol D. Retrospective study, full-length genome characterization and evaluation of viral infectivity and pathogenicity of chimeric porcine deltacoronavirus detected in Vietnam. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2019 Aug 30.
  17. Stott CJ, Saeng-chuto K, Nilubol D. Emerging, epidemiology and evolutionary analysis of porcine deltacoronavirus in South East Asia. Proceedings of ASIAN PIG VETERINARY SOCIETY CONGRESS 2019; August 2019; Seoul, South Korea.
  18. Jermsutjarit P, Saeng-chuto K, Mebumroong S, Stott CJ, Nilubol D. The correlation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus virulent between serial passage in in vitro and in vivo. Proceedings of ASIAN PIG VETERINARY SOCIETY CONGRESS 2019; August 2019; Seoul, South Korea.
  19. Tuanthap S, Vongpunsawad S, Luengyosluechakul S, Sakkaew P, Theamboonlers A, Amonsin A, Poovorawan Y. Genome constellations of 24 porcine rotavirus group A strains circulating on commercial Thai swine farms between 2011 and 2016. PLOS ONE 2019; 14: e0211002.
  20. Singhasivanon O, Lawpoolsri S, Mungthin M, Yimsamran S, Soonthornworasiri N, Krudsood S. Prevalence and Alternative Treatment of Head-Lice Infestation in Rural Thailand: A Community-Based Study. The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2019; 57: 499-504.

[pvcp_1]

WALAILAK

UNIVERSITY

  Research & Acadamic service

Education and Classroom research in AVC

At Akkharatchakumari Veterinary College (AVC), we perform the education and classroom research in order to improve the learning process, .....
Click

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) research in AVC

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of a microorganism such as bacteria...
Click

AVC teamed up with DMCR to save endangered sea turtles.

Dr Arpa Kamoltalapisek and Dr Purima Prommontreeand from Akkharatchakumari Veterinary (AVC) ...
Click

Macaca fascicularis

Click

Research to increase number of female offspring in dairy cattle and pigs

Click

Marine Research and Rescue Centre (MRRC)

Click

            Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of a microorganism such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites to stop an antimicrobial drugs (such as antibiotics, antivirals and antiparasites) from working against it. As a result, common treatments become ineffective and infections remain and spread to others, the cost of treatment is increased and the number of deaths due to AMR significantly rise. Although antimicrobial resistance occurs naturally over time via genetic changes (AMR gene), the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials is accelerating this process. In many places, antibiotics are overused and misused in people and animals, and often given without professional oversight. Antimicrobial resistant-microbes can be found in people, animals, food, and the environment, they can spread among them. Poor infection control, inadequate sanitary conditions and inappropriate food-handling encourage the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore AMR is an increasingly serious threat to global public health that requires action across all government sectors and society. At AVC, our researchers involve in many AMR projects, we study AMR in many species (both domestic and wildlife animals) and perform the research in antibiotic alternatives including probiotics and herbs for animal application.

     Our Researchers in AMR project

    • Prof.Dr. Suvichai Rojanasathien
    • Assoc.Prof.Sumalee Boonmar
    • Dr Thotsapol Thomrongsuwannakij
    • Asst.Prof. Dr. Tuempong Wongtawan
    • Asst.Prof.Dr. Ngamchit Choongkittaworn
    • Asst.Prof. Dr. Chaiwat Boonkaewwan

     Our researchers’s publications

                   The macaque was ill due to a wound on his neck and came to see the vet at AVC animal hospital. A veterinarian performed a physical examination and found that the injury around the neck was caused by the strangulation chain that was too narrow to cut the skin. The chain is thought to have been attached since the monkey was a young age, and as the monkey grew older, the chain became so tight that it cut into the throat. The veterinarian was then treated with general anesthesia and cut off the chain. The wound was well cleaned before suturing it. Antibiotic and analgesic drugs were injected to prevent infection. Also, advise the owner to adjust keeping management.
                   The macaque (Macaca fascicularis) is the longest-tailed macaque found in Thailand. The common name is Long-tail macaque or Crab-eating macaque with brown fur, the tail is longer than the length of the body, bodyweight about 3.5 – 6.5 kilograms, which can be found in mangrove forests to mixed deciduous forests from the central, eastern and southern regions, both the Gulf of Thailand and Andaman. They are classified as protected wildlife under the Wildlife Preservation and Protection Act.